英语语法-句子简化

名词从句

逻辑思路：从句—>动名词or不定式

that引导的主语从句：动名词当主语

​ It surprised us that John won the marathon.

​ John’s winning the marthon suprised us.

that引导的同谓语从句：+ of 变成复合结构

​ There was no chance that Davy would come from the battle alive.

​ There was no chance of Davy coming from the battle alive.

that引导的宾语从句：转换动名词or不定式(取决于主句谓语动词)

​ a. I hope that I can drive to work in my own car.

​ I hope to drive to work in my own car.

​ b. I consider that I will emigrate to America in the future.

​ I consider emigrating to America in the future.

​ c. Jane’s mother insisted that she should go swimming with her brother.

​ Jane’s mother insisted on her going swimming with her brother.

名词从句不定式简化：

​ a. I don’t know what I should do.

​ I don’t know what to do.

​ b. Tell me how I can get to the bus station.

​ Tell me how to get to the bus station.

定语从句

逻辑思路：从句—>短语(只有关系词做主语时可简化)

从句有be动词：去掉be动词and关系代词

主动：现在分词；被动：过去分词；形容词短语也可

​ a. The man who is standing at the gate is my English teacher.

​ The man standing at the gate is my English teacher.

​ b. Books that are written in English are more expensive.

​ Books written in English are more expensive.

​ c. The people who were responsible for the incident were all punished.

​ The people responsible for the indident were all punished.

从句没有be动词：去掉关系代词；动词—>现在分词

​ a. They live in a room that faces the south.

​ They live in a room facing the south.

​ b. English has an alphabet that consists of 26 letters.

​ English has an alphabet consisting of 26 letters.

不定式替换：the only，the last，the next，序数词，最高级修饰的名词

​ a. The only one that understands me.

​ The only one to understand me.

​ b. The next train that arrives is from New York.

​ The next train to arrive is from New York.

​ c. Jango was the second person that fell into this trap.

​ Jango was the second person to fall into this trap.

状语从句

注意：主句从句的主语相同时，才可以简化。

有be动词：去掉be动词(常见：时间，地点，条件，让步)

主动：现在分词；被动：过去分词；形容词or名词短语也可

​ a. Metals expand when heated and contract when (they are) cooled.

​ b. When (he was) a student in the university, he read a lot.

​ c. while (he was) waitting, he took out a magazine to read.

​ d. A tiger can’t be tamed unless (it is) caught very young.

没有be动词：从句主语省略，动词变成现在分词

​ a. Since I came to Beijing, I have made many new friends.

​ Since coming to Beijing, I have made many new friends.

​ b. After I finished my homework, I fed the dog.

​ After finishing my homework, I fed the dog.

​ c. After he jumped out of a boat, the man was bitten by a shark.

​ After jumping out of a boat, the man was bitten by a shark.

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