构成：be + 过去分词
不同时态的被动语态be变化
is, is being, has been, was, was being, had been, will be, will have been
不用by情况
- 实施者明显
a. The rubbish hasn’t been collected.
b. Your hand will be X-rayed.
c. The streets are swept every day.
- 实施者未知或没必要提及
a. The President has been murdered.
b. My car has been moved.
c. Rice is grown in many countries.
d. The library was built in 1890.
- 泛指人们
acknowledge, assume, believe, claim, consider, estimate, feel, find, know, presume, report,
say, think
People believe him to be honest.
He is believed to be honest.
- 主句主语是
one, you, they 通常用被动语态
One/ You see this kind of advertisement everywhere.
This kind of advertisement is seen everywhere.
They are building a new public library in our town.
A new public library is being built in our town.
- 避免改换主语(可以接by短语)
When he arrived home, a detective arrested him.
When he arrived home, he was arrested.
不及物动词没有被动语态
He came here last night.
He looks fine.
双宾语可以有两种被动语态(人做主语更常见)
Someone gave me a gift.
I was given a gift.
Someone gave a gift to me.
A gift was given to me.
静态被动语态
| 句子 | 解释 |
|---|---|
| Now the door is locked | 这里的is locked 只是强调动作，起着形容词的作用。 |
| I locked the door two minutes ago. The door was locked by me two minutes ago. | 这里的was locked强调动作 |
Clint broke the window last night
The window was broken last night
Now the window is broken.
- 常见
interested, excited, satisfied, married, disappointed, scared, frightened, worried, lost
a. I am interested in grammar.
b. I am satisfied with Clint’s grammar course.
c. She is married to her teacher.
d. The table is made of wood.
e. Are you scared of snake?
get与被动语态(get与过去分词连用)
- 可以构成被动语态
a. My watch got broken while I was playing with the children.
b. He got caught by the police because he exceeded the speed limit.
- 可以接静态的被动形式，表示主语的状态
a. I stopped working because I got tired.
b. I got worried because he was two hours late.
c. She is getting dressed to the party and has trouble deciding what clothes to wear.
have/get sth done
have sth done或者get sth done
- 安排别人把事情做好(主要用法)
a. Are you going to repair the car yourself?
b. No, I’m going to have it repaired.
c. I want to have/get my iterms repaired. (My iterms need repairing.)
d. I must get my hair cut = I want someone to cut my hair.
e. You should get/have your bike repaired.
g. If you don’t get our of my house, I’ll have you arrested.
- 意外或不行的事情
a. I got my car stolen last year.
b. Have you ever had your passport stolen?
c. Joe had his leg broken in a fight.
d. It took me two hours to get the washing done.
e. Don’t get your plans changed.
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